Biostimulants in the Production of Forage Grasses and Turfgrasses

Biostimulants are becoming more prevalent in the production of forage and turfgrasses. Many can be classified as natural biostimulants, including humic acids (HA), fulvic (FA), protein hydrolysates (PHs) seaweed extracts (SWE), addition to chitosan, silicon, inorganic compounds, beneficial fungi, bacteria synthetic biostimulants. The article reviews recent research on effects biostimulants cultivation grasses (perennial ryegrass, annual Festulolium, Kentucky bluegrass, orchard grass timothy-grass) turfgrasses tall fescue, red fescue creeping bentgrass). Literature analysis suggests that enhance quality grasses, augment their tolerance environmental stresses, facilitate nutrient uptake improve visual aspect grasses. While cannot replace fertilisers, they significantly crop effectiveness utilising nutrients present fertilisers. This paper also briefly describes legal regulatory status with a focus EU PL.